A pizza shop in Dubai wants to estimate the standard time for preparing its famous margarita pizza. The manager has performed a time study of the process and the following results have been observed.

TASK ELEMENT OBSERVATIONS (SECONDS) PERFORMANCE 1 2 3 4 5 6 RATING (%)

Flatten dough 32 30 22 31 45* 44* 100 Spin and toss dough 5 4 5 4 6 4 110 Pour sauce 2 3 12* 4 2 3 85 Place cheese on top 6 7 6 8 5 8 120

*Disregard – interruption by other workers.

What is the standard time for the process, if the shop uses an allowance factor of 11%? lop25