A university wishes to purchase the maximum number of computer workstations that can be accommodated within the available laboratory floor space and budget. Determine whether each of the following outcomes is most likely the result of closed-form optimization, exact numerical optimization, heuristic optimization, or descriptive modeling.

(a) The maximum number of stations that can be fit within 2000 square feet and a budget of $500,000 is 110.

(b) The usual arrangement of 80 workstations would require 1600 square feet of floor space and cost $382,000.

(c) The maximum number of stations feasible with an area of f thousand square feet and a budget of b thousand dollars is min

{50f, b/5}.

(d) The best of the usual layouts for an area of 2000 square feet and a budget of $500,000 can accommodate 85 workstations.