A tape drive has the following parameters:

Estimate the percentage gain in time resulting from the ability to read records in both the forward and backward directions. Assume that records are accessed at random and that on average, the distance between two records accessed in sequence is four records.

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Bit density Tape speed Time to reverse direction of motion 2000 bits/cm 800 cm/s 225 ms Minimum time spent at an interrecord gap 3 ms Average record length 4000 characters