a. A gambler knows that red and black are equally likely to occur on each spin of a roulette wheel. He observes that 5 consecutive reds have occurred and bets heavily on black at the next spin. Asked why, he explains that “black is due.” Explain to the gambler what is wrong with this reasoning.

b. After hearing you explain why red and black are still equally likely after 5 reds on the roulette wheel, the gambler moves to a card game. He is dealt 5 straight red cards from a standard deck with 26 red cards and 26 black cards. He remembers what you said and assumes that the next card dealt in the same hand is equally likely to be red or black. Explain to the gambler what is wrong with this reasoning.