12.12 Consider an irreducible Markov chain. Show that, if it is periodic, then Pii = 0 for...
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12.12 Consider an irreducible Markov chain. Show that, if it is periodic, then Pii =
0 for all its states i. Is the reciprocal implication true, that is, if Pii = 0 for all i, is the chain periodic? Give a proof or counterexample.
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