8 Policy application . What are some of the ways that states can engage in horizontal equalization between cities and counties? What criteria might they use for distributing funds/resources? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each of the following methods?

(a) direct state provision of certain services

(b) sending money to local governments to provide the same services, with relatively more per capita going to cities and counties with a smaller tax base or a higher percentage of poor people

(c) sending the same amount per capita to all cities and counties to provide the similar levels of local services