In governments at all levels in the US and other nations, the problem of attracting, keeping, and motivating good employees poses a serious challenge. A major contemporary concern focuses on the impending retirements of baby boomers in the US and similarly aging managers and employees in other nations. These developments increase the significance of keeping people satisfied in their work and committed to it, so that people approaching retirement will not seek to retire early and so that government agencies can have the ability to hire replacements for retiring people because the replacements see the agency as an attractive place to work. Concepts from the study of organizational behavior and organization theory clearly have relevance to this matter, including organizational commitment, job design and job involvement, leadership, motivation, and work satisfaction. Choose two of these concepts and review the research and theory pertaining to them. How would you describe the most important theories, concepts, ideas, and frameworks that figure importantly in the literature on these topics? Select the most important of these theories, concepts, or ideas with useful implications or applications for the described challenges . How might they apply to analyzing those challenges (through the types of questions on employee surveys, as one of many examples) and/or developing policies and approaches to addressing the challenge? For example, in what sorts of behaviors should leaders and managers engage? What procedures and policies should organizations adopt?

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