1. What is the current value of a $1,000 par value perpetual bond to an investor who requires a 10 percent annual rate of return? The perpetual bond pays inter- est at the rate of 8 percent per year.

2. Cellular International zero coupon bonds (par value $1,000) mature on April 21, 2020. Calculate the yield-to-maturity if an investor purchased one of these bonds on April 21, 2014, at a price of $650.