1.1. Explain how scientific theories are created and how they are modified according to Hegel and Kuhn.

1.2. Explain the major empirical criticisms of Behaviorism from the Biobehavioral perspective.

1.3. Explain the contribution of “nature” from the “nurture WITH nature” perspective, as defined by Biobehaviourism.

1.4. Explain why dogs can easily learn to sit and beg for treats but cats can’t.

1.5. Explain the concept of “internal symbolic representation” that is at the basis of Social Learning Theory.

1.6. Explain how Bandura uses principles of Operant and Classical Conditioning in his Social Learning Theory.

1.7. Explain the process of observational learning from Social Learning Theory.

1.8. Explain why science purposefully takes the perspective that “people are all the same” rather than “everyone’s different.”

1.9. Summarize, define, and explain the four basic types of research designs.

1.10. Explain what an operational definition is and what it means for an operational definition to be valid, reliable, normed, and standardized.

1.11. Explain why personal testimonies are not considered to be “evidence” by research psychologists.

1.12. Explain the process of random sampling; how it is done and why it is done.

1.13. Explain what a correlation is and what it shows.

1.14. Explain what it means to “isolate the independent variable” in controlled laboratory experimentation; what does this mean, how is it done, and why is it desirable to do so?

1.15. Explain the differences between true and quasi experimental designs.

2.1. Define and explain what is meant by referring to the brain and nervous system as the neurological substrate of the human experience.

2.2. Draw and label the essential components of a nerve cell.

2.3. Explain what transmitters are, what they do, and how they do it.

2.4. Explain the functions of any or all of the following: Brain stem, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and basal ganglia.

2.5. Discuss the following issue: do different hemispheres do different things (localization of function) or do different hemispheres do things differently (hemispheric specialization)?

2.6. Explain the process of transduction and what it accomplishes.

2.7. Explain what is meant by the quality and quantity of light waves and how they are differentially encoded in the nervous system.

2.8. Define and explain the field of psychophysics and what it attempts to do.

2.9. Define and explain the two kinds of sensory thresholds and how they are measured.

2.10. Explain how the Helmholtz-Hering theories account for colour vision.

2.11. Explain how the Hubel and Wiesel Feature Detection theory accounts for shape vision.

2.12. Explain how the Selfridge and Biederman Feature Analysis theories account for object perception.

2.13. Explain the concept of a Hoffding step, that is, the idea of perceptual organization in indirect perception.

2.14. Explain how we see depth.

2.15. Explain what prototypes are and what they have to do with perception.

2.16. Explain perception from the perspective of Constructivism.

3.1. Explain the uses of models and metaphors in Cognitive Psychology and why they are used.

3.2. What is Information Processing’s definition of intelligence? Explain why computers are and are not intelligent, how they are similar to and different from Human Intelligence.

3.3. Define and explain what Atkinson and Shiffrin mean by structures and processes of intelligence. Then give examples.

3.4. Explain why the Information Processing model postulates three stores in memory.

3.5. Define and explain awareness (consciousness) and agency (metacognition).

3.6. Explain in general terms what is meant by semantic encoding of verbal material.

3.7. Explain what is meant by “thesis” and “context” of academic knowledge.

3.8. Explain what is meant by elaborative rehearsal of verbal material.

3.9. Explain how Schema Theory defines and explains knowledge.

3.10. Define, explain, and give examples of the three types of scripts.

3.11. Define, explain, and give examples of types of narratives.

3.12. Explain how Schema Theory explains recovered or reconstructed memory.

3.13. Explain how Schema Theory is an example of a nurture with nature theory.

Present the thesis, perspective context, and major principles of the following theories:

1. Sociobiology.

2. Classical Conditioning.

3. Operant Conditioning.

4. Biobehaviourism.

5. Social Learning Theory.

6. Constructivism.

7. Information Processing.

8. Schema Theory.

9. Psychology as a Science

10. Types of Determinism

11. Theories of Learning.