In a well-written paper, write a response to three of the following five questions:

1. What are the common tools used to protect against a DoS (Denial of Service) or DDoS (Distributed Denial-of-Service) attack?

2. What is malware and how does it spread?

3. What is a Buffer-Overflow attack?

4. How does a SQL injection attack take place?

5. What are some of the tools that a hacker can use to crack passwords?

ii- Suppose that while trying to access a collection of short videos on some website, you see a pop-up window stating that you need to install this custom codec in order to view the videos. What threat might this pose to your computer system if you approve this installation request? Support your answers by surveying various malware and how they affect systems and users.