Naomi owns a plastics molding company. She creates signs for companies in standard sizes. Her production process is described as follows. There are four stations through which the product moves through. The first station is a mixing table. The product is then poured into the cavities in the molding station. Products come out of the mold and move to a finishing area. From there the product goes to packaging where it is labeled, boxed, and made ready for shipping.

The production process is as follows:

1. Appropriate molds are pulled from molding racks and placed on molding tables. The racks are 3 meters from the molding table. This takes 2 minutes.

2. The molds are made ready for use. This takes 5 minutes.

3. Naomi then goes to the chemical storage cabinet and brings the resin, hardener, and dyes to the mixing table. The storage cabinet is 4 meters from the molding table and 2 meters from the mixing table. This takes Naomi half a minute.

4. Naomi mixes dies to create the colour specified by the customer. This takes 10 minutes.

5. Naomi pours the resin into a pail with an appropriate amount of hardener and mixes it so the hardener is evenly distributed within the resin. This takes 7 minutes.

6. Naomi then pours in the coloured dye into the pail and mixes for another 8 minutes.

7. Noami carries the pail to the molding station and pours the dyed resin into the molds. It takes Naomi 3 seconds to walk to the molding station with the pail and 2 minutes to slowly pour the coloured resin into the mold. The mixing table is 4 meters from the molding station.

8. The resin takes 17 minutes to cure and harden.

9. Naomi takes the hardened sign out of the mold. This takes 1 minute.

10. Naomi inspects the sign to ensure it meets the required specifications and quality. This takes 30 seconds.

11. Naomi takes the product to the finishing area 4 meters away where the base of the sign is ground off using a wet sander. It takes Naomi 6 seconds to walk to the finishing table and 3 minutes to sand the base of the product.

12. Naomi then labels the product and makes it ready for shipping. This takes her 2 ½ minutes and she does this on a table right beside the wet sander.

A) Complete the following process chart for Naomi’s process to make a sign. The first two lines show you how to begin.

B) Calculate the value added time. Show your work.

C) Explain what the value added time means with respect to operations efficiency and waste.