Product costing systems are quite varied. The three fundamental costing systems are job costing, process costing, operations costing. The following statements describe different aspects of these costing systems.

a. This costing technique is generally used by companies that forecast demand and "push” a product through the manufacturing process.

b. This costing technique is used by companies that produce goods in large batches with products that are standardized within a batch.

c. A large automobile manufacturer that produces Cars that are mostly built With Standard features, but that allows customers to select some custom features, likely uses this costing system.

d. Companies that need to track production costs for individual projects because of their custom nature most likely use this costing system.

e. This costing technique often used when customers initiate orders, which 'pull' the product or service through the manufacturing process.

f. This costing technique does not attempt to assign costs to specific individual units, but assigns costs equally to units as they pass through the production processes.

Required:

Indicate which type of costing system (i.e., job costing. process costing. or operations costing) is described by each statement.