The author Shere Hite undertook a study of women’s attitudes toward sex and love by distributing 100,000 questionnaires through women’s groups. Only 4.5% of the questionnaires were returned. Based on this sample of women, Hite wrote Women and Love, a best-selling book claiming that women today are fed up with men. For example, 91% of the divorced women in the sample said that they had initiated the divorce, and 70% of the married women said that they committed adultery.

Explain briefly why Hite’s sampling method is nearly certain to produce a strong bias. Are the sample results cited (91% and 70%) much higher or much lower than the truth for the population of all American women?