Write a paper covering the following questions:

1. What is Motivation? Psychologists define it as an internal state that induces a person to engage in particular behaviors. One perspective argues that motivation determines the direction, intensity, and persistence of behavior over time.

2. Work Motivation Theories - All theories to be discussed are concerned with reasons (other than ability) that some people perform their jobs better than others. High levels of motivation should lead to good job performance if people have the necessary ability and constraints on performance are relatively low.

3. Need Theories - Need theories see motivation as arising from people’s needs or desires for things. Person’s needs can be differs within the same person over time and across people. Maslow’s need hierarchy theory assumes that fulfillment of human needs is necessary for both physical and psychological health. Herzberg’s two-factor theory states that motivation comes from the nature of the job itself, not external rewards or job conditions. Divides needs into two categories: Hygiene factors and Motivator factors.

4. Reinforcement Theory - Reinforcement theory describes how rewards or reinforcements affect behavior; it explains behavior as a function of reinforcement history--prior reward experiences. Behavior is a response to the environment.

5. Expectancy Theory - Expectancy theory explains how rewards lead to behavior by focusing on internal cognitive states that lead to motivation-- explains when and why reinforcement will lead to behavior.

6. Justice or Equity Theories - Focus on norms for fair treatment of employees by their organizations. Equity theory states that people are motivated to have equity or fairness in their dealings with other people and with organizations. Employees who find themselves in inequitable situations experience dissatisfaction and emotional tension that they’re motivated to reduce

7. Goal-Setting Theory - Goal-setting theory assumes that behavior is motivated by internal intentions, objectives, or goals?