You work for Hooptie Car Rental Inc. and your manager wants to know two things:

1. Do we rent more of one type of car than another?
2. Do men and women prefer different types of rental cars?

To answer your manager's questions, you obtain a report of the number of men and women who rented economy, standard, and luxury cars during the previous 2 months. The results for 100 rental customers are shown in the table below.These data have already been entered into an SPSS data file called "Chi Square Data" that is copied into our class DropBox Folder.In the SPSS file Car Type is coded as: 1 = Economy, 2 = Standard, 3 = Luxury. Sex is coded as: 1 = Male and 2 = Female.

	Sex
Car type	Male	Female	Total
Economy	21	13	34
Standard	18	11	29
Luxury	11	26	37
Total	50	50	100

Note. Car Type: 1 = Economy, 2 = Standard, 3 = Luxury. Sex: 1 = Male and 2 = Female.

Chi Square Goodness-of-fit Test

Your manager's 1^st question (Do we rent more of one type of car than another?) is best answered using a Chi Square Goodness-of-Fit test because there is only one nominal variable involved (Car Type).

Running the Chi Square Goodness-of-Fit Test

1. Under the Analyze menu click Nonparametric Tests, then Legacy Dialogs, and then Chi Square.
2. Click on "CarType" in the variable list box and then click on the gray arrow to move it to the Test Variable List box.
3. Make sure Expected Range is set to Get from data and Expected Values is set to All categories equal.
4. Then click OK.
5. How many different car types are being compared in the goodness-of-fit test? _____
6. Write the null and alternative hypotheses for the goodness-of-fit test using mathematical notion below:
7. H_o:
8. H₁:
9. What is the expected frequency for each Car Type if the null hypothesis was true? _____
10. How much did each Car Type differ from this expectation? Economy: ____ Standard: ____ Luxury: ____
11. Using = .05, two-tailed, should we reject or retain the null hypothesis? ___________
12. Write results in APA notation [²(df, N = ###) = ##.##, p < or > .05]: ________________________________
13. What's the answer to your manager's first question (Do we rent more of one type of car than another?)? Remember that if the chi square goodness-of-fit is statistically significant, there is a difference between what would be expected and what you observed if the null were true. Look to the Residuals when the chi square test is significant. Write the answer here and be specific. __________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Keep the SPSS file open to be ready for the next section of the assignment.

Chi Square Test of Independence

1. Your manager's 2^nd question (Do men and women prefer different types of rental cars?) is best answered using a Chi Square Test of Independence because two nominal variables are involved (Sex & Car Type).

Running the Chi Square Test of Independence

1. To answer your manager's second question, go to Analyze, then Descriptive Statistics, and then Crosstabs.
2. Click "CarType" into the Row(s) box and click "Sex" into the Column(s) box.
3. Select the Display clustered bar charts box in the bottom left-hand corner of the Crosstabs box.
4. Click on the Statisticsbutton on the right side of the Crosstabs box. Select "Chi-square" and "Phi and Cramer's V" from this submenu box and click Continue.
5. Click the Cells button on the right side of the Crosstabs box. Select "Observed" and "Expected" under Counts, "Column" under Percentages, and "Adjusted standardizedunder Residuals,"then click Continue. Note that sometimes "Row" percentage answers the question better, but in this case "Column" is best.
6. Then click OK.

1. Write the null and alternative hypotheses for the test of independence using words below:
2. H_o:
3. H₁:
4. Among women, what percentage rented each Car Type? Economy: ____ Standard: ____ Luxury: ____
5. Among men, what percentage rented each Car Type? Economy: ____ Standard: ____ Luxury: ____
6. Using = .05, two-tailed, should we reject or retain the null hypothesis? ___________
7. Write results in APA notation [²(df, N = ###) = ##.##, p < or > .05, V = .##]: __________________________
8. For which Car Type(s) were there large differences from expectation if the null hypothesis was true, as defined by having an |Adjusted Residual| 2? ______________________________
9. What's the answer to your manager's second question (Do men and women prefer different types of rental cars?)? Remember that when a chi square test of independence is statistically significant, it indicates that the two variables are not independent of each other (i.e., they are related somehow). Look to the adjusted standardized residuals when the chi square test is significant. Write the answer here and be

specific. ________________________________________________________________________________

1. Now write-up the chi square test of independence (you do not need to write up the goodness of fit results) as an actual APA results section.