BE332-6-AU/S QUESTION FOUR a) Explain how volatility affects the values of call and put options. (7 marks) b) A bull spread strategy is created by buying a European call option on a stock with a certain strike price and selling a European call option on the same stock with a higher strike price. Both options have the same expiration date. Suppose that an investor buys for $3 a 3-month European call with a strike price of $30 and sells for El a 3-month European call with a strike price of 635. 1 . What is the total payoff of this bull spread strategy if the strike price in 3 months is (39? (6 marks) ii. What is the net profit to this strategy? (4 marks) c) The Black-Scholes formula for a European call option on a non-dividend-paying stock is: C-S,N(d,)-Xe "N(d, ), where So is the stock price, X is the strike price, I is the time to maturity of the option , N(.) is the cumulative standardized normal distribution, In(S,/X)+(r+6' /2)1 - and d, = d, - GVT , r is the risk free rate of interest and o is volatility. Use the Black-Scholes formula to find the price of a European call option on a non-dividend- paying stock when the stock price is $26, the strike price is $25, the risk-free interest rate is 6% per annum, the volatility is 15% per annum, and the time to maturity is 3 months. (8 marks) [Total: 25 marks]