$1212$ What are the theoretical foundations that underpin the field of chemical engineering? How do principles from chemistry, physics, mathematics, and biology converge to facilitate the design and optimization of processes for the production of chemicals, materials, and energy? How do concepts such as thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, mass transfer, and reaction kinetics form the basis for understanding and manipulating chemical reactions and industrial processes? Furthermore, how do advancements in theoretical frameworks drive innovation and sustainability in chemical engineering practices?