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Sal Amato operates a residential landscaping business in an affluent suburb of St. Louis. In an effort to provide quality service, he has concentrated solely on the design and installation of upscale landscaping plans (e.g., trees, shrubs, fountains, and lighting). With his clients continually requesting additional services, Sal recently expanded into lawn maintenance, including fertilization.

The following data relate to his first years experience with 50 fertilization clients:

• Each client required nine applications throughout the year and was billed $41.00 per application.

• Three applications involved Type I fertilizer, which contains a special ingredient for weed control. The remaining six applications involved Type II fertilizer.

• Sal purchased 6,900 pounds of Type I fertilizer at $0.56 per pound and 11,900 pounds of Type II fertilizer at $0.46 per pound. Actual usage amounted to 5,150 pounds of Type I and 8,750 pounds of Type II.

• A new, part-time employee was hired to spread the fertilizer. Sal had to pay premium wages of $13.40 per hour because of a very tight labor market; the employee logged a total of 203 hours at client residences.

• Based on previous knowledge of the operation, articles in trade journals, and conversations with other landscapers, Sal established the following standards:

• Fertilizer purchase price per pound: Type I, $0.69; Type II, $0.47
• Fertilizer usage: 59 pounds per application
• Typical hourly wage rate of landscape personnel: $9.80
• Labor time per application: 40 minutes

• The operation did not go as smoothly as planned, with customer complaints actually much higher than expected.

Required:

1. 1. Compute Sals direct-material variances for each type of fertilizer.

2. 2. Compute the direct-labor variances.

3. 3-a. Compute the actual cost of the client applications. (Note: Exclude any fertilizer in inventory, as remaining fertilizer can be used next year.)

4. 3-b. Calculate the profit or loss of Sals new lawn fertilization service.

5. 4. On the basis of the variances that you computed in parts (1) and (2) was the new service a success from an overall cost-control perspective?

6. 5. Should the fertilizer service be continued next year?

7. Compute Sals direct-material variances for each type of fertilizer. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "Favorable" or "Unfavorable". Select "None" and enter "0" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Round your intermediate calculations and final answers to 2 decimal places.)

8. Direct-Material	Type I		Type II
   Price variance		Favorable		Favorable
   Quantity variance		Favorable		Favorable
   Purchase price variance		Favorable		Favorable

Compute the direct-labor variances. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "Favorable" or "Unfavorable". Select "None" and enter "0" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)

Direct-Labor
Rate variance		Unfavorable
Efficiency variance		Favorable

Compute the actual cost of the client applications. (Note: Exclude any fertilizer in inventory, as remaining fertilizer can be used next year.) (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)

Actual cost

Calculate the profit or loss of Sals new lawn fertilization service. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)

	Net Profit

On the basis of the variances that you computed in parts (1) and (2) was the new service a success from an overall cost-control perspective? (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "Favorable" or "Unfavorable". Select "None" and enter "0" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)

Total Variance

Favorable

Should the fertilizer service be continued next year?

Should the fertilizer service be continued next year?	Yes, continue service but consider some changes