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Discuss the principles of energy harvesting and wireless power transfer, investigating the design and implementation of energy harvesting devices, such as piezoelectric, thermoelectric, and RF energy harvesters, for self$-$powered sensor networks and IoT applications. Delve into the challenges of energy harvesting efficiency, power management, and energy storage in energy$-$autonomous systems, and explore the potential applications of wireless power transfer technologies, such as inductive coupling and resonant coupling, for wirelessly charging electronic devices and powering remote sensors in harsh or inaccessible environments.