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1 . ( 5 ) What is meant by the aboutness of language - - and how is this formalized in FOL semantics? ( As

1.(5) What is meant by the "aboutness" of language -- and how is this
formalized in FOL semantics? (As always, be brief!)
2.(5) What role does truth play in analyzing the trustworthiness of rules
of inference?
3.(5) Mention two of kinds of "know-how" (skills) that (at least some)
people have that arguably would not be easy to represent in FOL,
and probably not useful in that form in any case. Choose a mental
skill and a physical skill, as different as you can from any mentioned
in class/notes.
4. a.(2) In what respect is the concept of a first-order LANGUAGE more
specific than the concept of first-order LOGIC?
b.(8) Which of the following expressions (i) can be VARIABLE-FREE well-
formed terms in a first-order language, which ones (ii) can be well-
formed formulas WHOSE VARIABLE OCCURRENCES, IF ANY, ARE ALL BOUND BY
QUANTIFIERS, and which ones (iii) cannot be either of these? Adhere
to the syntactic conventions that have been stipulated in this course
(ignoring the B&L text); for cases of (iii), give a quick reason:
- USA
- Neighbor-of(USA,Canada)
- northern-neighbor-of(USA)
-southern-neighbor-of(USA,Canada)
-(A => B)
-(A = B)(B = C)=>(A = C)
-(x (P(x)=> Q(x)))(y (y = x))
-((Happy(Snoopy) Dog(Snoopy))=> Happy(Dog(Snoopy)))

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