$18$ All of the following statements are true about the use of defense tactics by the target firm during a hostile takeover EXCEPT defense tactics:

are usually beneficial for the executives of the target firm.

are opposed by institutional investors.

yary in their effectiveness as a defense to takeovers.

make the costs of a takeover lower$\mathrm{.}18$ All of the following statements are true about the use of defense tactics by the target firm during a hostile takeover EXCEPT defense tactics:

are usually beneficial for the executives of the target firm.

are opposed by institutional investors.

yary in their effectiveness as a defense to takeovers.

make the costs of a takeover lower.