1. A characteristic of nonparametric tests is that (1pt): a. They require few or no assumptions about population parameters. b. They always require interval or ratio data. c. Both of the other choices are characteristics of nonparametric tests. 2. What is the main difference between the chi-squared goodness of fit test and the chi-square test for independence (1pt)? 3. Horse racing fans often maintain that in a race around a circular track, significant advantages accrue to the horses in certain postpositions. Any horse's postposition is its assigned post in the starting lineup. Position 1 is closest to the rail on the inside of the track; position 8 is on the outside, farthest from the rail in an eight-horse race. Dr. Gamble decides to test the common belief certain horses have an advantage. He collects data for the first month in the racing season. Test if there is a difference in wins based on starting position using a Chi Square goodness of fit test. Alpha = .05. Postposition 4 5 6 7 Wins 29 19 18 25 17 10 15 11 a. What are the null and alternative hypotheses (1pt)? b. What are the degrees of freedom and critical value (1/2pt)? c. Calculate the statistic (3pts). d. Reject or fail to reject the null? What conclusions can be made about brand preference (be specific) (1pt)? 4. A statistics instructor would like to know whether it is worthwhile to require students to do homework assignments. For one section of the statistics course, homework is assigned. For another section, the same problems are suggested but not required as homework. At the end of the semester, all students take the final exam. The grade distribution is shown below. Do these data indicate a significant difference between the grade distributions for students with homework versus students with no homework? Test with a chi square test for independence using alpha of .05. a. What are the null and alternative hypotheses (1pt)? b. What are the degrees of freedom and critical value (1/2pt)? c. Calculate the statistic (5pts) d. Reject or fail to reject the null? Study conclusion? (1pt) Grade A B C D F HW 12 15 17 5 No HW 12 21 28 25 14