1. (a) Explain the meaning of the following interest rate concepts (short explanation): i. Spot-interest rate, 2p ii. Forward interest rate, 2p iii. Implicit forward interest rate, 2p iv. "Yield-to-maturity", 2p v. Effective interest rate, 2p (b) Explain (briefly) the difference between: i. Coupon bonds and Zero-coupon bonds, 3p ii. Fixed-rate bonds and Floating-rate bonds, 3p iii. Nominal bonds and Real bonds, 4p.