1. A firm paid out $3000 common dividend during 2019, and it ended the year with $160 000 of retainers earnings. the prior years retained were $157000. What was the firm 2019 net income?

a. 30000

b. 31000

c. 32000

d. 33000

2. Interest Rates on long term Treasury bonds are lower than those on corporate bonds.the difference in interest rate between them is caused primarily by:

a. tax effects

b. default risk differences

c. maturity risk differencens

d. inflation rates

d