1. a) Lena is an executive who earns a substantial salary and every year contributes the maximum to her 401(k), which she invests in bonds and CDs earning around 3% interest. When she retires, she will have large retirement account balances as well as another pension. Her brother argues that because she will likely be in the same high tax bracket in retirement as she is currently, she should not bother contributing to the 401(k), and instead should just save that money in an after-tax savings account. Is her brother correct? Explain.

b) How does making child care costs tax-deductible reduce the tax wedge associated with the fact that market work is taxed but home work is not? Does making child care costs deductible increase or decrease social efficiency?