1. A new 40 kilometers highway roads are one of four projects being evaluated, all of which are mutually exclusive. The roads' estimated lifespan is 80 years, and the sponsoring organization's MARR is 12% yearly. An advisory committee calculated the annual benefits to the general public, which are as follows: Upfront payment for four alternatives are USD 62,000.00, USD 52,000.00, USD 150,000.00, USD 55,000.00 with Annual Benefits of USD 10,000.00, USD 8,000.00, USD 20,000.00 and USD 9,000.0 for Route 1 design route 2 design, route 3 design and route 4 design respectively. Also, the rate of return of upfront payment are 16.1% for Route 1 , 15.4% for Route 2 and 13.3 for Route 3 and 16.4 for Route 4 Choose the optimal roads using the IRR approach (incrementally). 2. A petroleum iron and steel heater for steam injection is equipped with an activated carbon filter that is ten years old ACF. Regulatory particle criteria for stack gases have not been met due to changes in petroleum quality. To resolve this issue, two mutually exclusive options have been put forth (doing nothing is not an option). Both alternatives have a life of 10 years and a MARR of 15% yearly. The IRR approach (incrementally) can be used to recommend which option to go with. Can you name a few non-financial variables that would work in the modern exhaust filter favor? Operating Cost will be USD 1,140,000.00 for the proposed exhaust filter and USD 992,500.00 for proposed ACF with Annual operating expense of USD 115,500.00 and USD 73,200.00 respectively. 3. An industrial boilers line exposed to extreme weather conditions has been given two shielding depth options. One alternative must be selected. Below are estimates for thermal failure reductions and maintenance cost. The boilers have a depth measured of 2cm with maintenance cost of USD 20,000.00, annual benefits of USD 5,000.00 and a useful life of 4 years and another boilers with a depth of 5cm with a maintenance cost of USD 40,000.00 and annual benefits of USD 7,500.00 and a useful life of 6 years. 4. Examine Problem 3. If the study was conducted over a 4-year period, which depth would you advise? Calculate the market value of the 5cm alternative after 4 years using the approximated market value method