1. A new diagnostic test for a certain disease is evaluated. The test was performed on 300 individuals known to have the disease and correctly identified 240 of them as positive. It was also performed on 500 individuals known not to have the disease and correctly identified 480 of them as negative. Calculate the sensitivity and specificity of the test. 2. Consider a screening program for a rare genetic disorder. The program has a high positive predictive value (PPV) but a low negative predictive value (NPV). What does this imply about the reliability of the program in terms of identifying affected individuals and ruling out unaffected individuals? Explain your answer. 3. A medical researcher is developing a new diagnostic test for a bacterial infection. In order for the test to be considered valid, it must have a sensitivity of at least 98% and a specificity of at least 95%. The researcher tests the new diagnostic on a sample of 500 individuals, with the following results: 240 true positives, 240 true negatives, 10 false positives, and 10 false negatives. Determine whether the test meets the validity criteria. Explain your answer. 4. A clinician is evaluating the results of a diagnostic test for a serious medical condition. The test has a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 85%. The disease prevalence in the patient population is 5%. If a patient tests positive, how confident can the clinician be that the patient truly has the disease? 1. A new diagnostic test for a certain disease is evaluated. The test was performed on 300 individuals known to have the disease and correctly identified 240 of them as positive. It was also performed on 500 individuals known not to have the disease and correctly identified 480 of them as negative. Calculate the sensitivity and specificity of the test. 2. Consider a screening program for a rare genetic disorder. The program has a high positive predictive value (PPV) but a low negative predictive value (NPV). What does this imply about the reliability of the program in terms of identifying affected individuals and ruling out unaffected individuals? Explain your answer. 3. A medical researcher is developing a new diagnostic test for a bacterial infection. In order for the test to be considered valid, it must have a sensitivity of at least 98% and a specificity of at least 95%. The researcher tests the new diagnostic on a sample of 500 individuals, with the following results: 240 true positives, 240 true negatives, 10 false positives, and 10 false negatives. Determine whether the test meets the validity criteria. Explain your answer. 4. A clinician is evaluating the results of a diagnostic test for a serious medical condition. The test has a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 85%. The disease prevalence in the patient population is 5%. If a patient tests positive, how confident can the clinician be that the patient truly has the disease? 1. A new diagnostic test for a certain disease is evaluated. The test was performed on 300 individuals known to have the disease and correctly identified 240 of them as positive. It was also performed on 500 individuals known not to have the disease and correctly identified 480 of them as negative. Calculate the sensitivity and specificity of the test. 2. Consider a screening program for a rare genetic disorder. The program has a high positive predictive value (PPV) but a low negative predictive value (NPV). What does this imply about the reliability of the program in terms of identifying affected individuals and ruling out unaffected individuals? Explain your answer. 3. A medical researcher is developing a new diagnostic test for a bacterial infection. In order for the test to be considered valid, it must have a sensitivity of at least 98% and a specificity of at least 95%. The researcher tests the new diagnostic on a sample of 500 individuals, with the following results: 240 true positives, 240 true negatives, 10 false positives, and 10 false negatives. Determine whether the test meets the validity criteria. Explain your answer. 4. A clinician is evaluating the results of a diagnostic test for a serious medical condition. The test has a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 85%. The disease prevalence in the patient population is 5%. If a patient tests positive, how confident can the clinician be that the patient truly has the disease?