1. A pencil company currently produces 200,000 units a year. It buys pencil tops from an outside supplier at a price of $2 per top. The plant manager believes that it would be cheaper to make these tops rather than buy them. Direct production costs are estimated to be only $1.50 per top. The necessary machinery would cost $150,000. This investment could be written off for tax purposes using straight-line depreciation over 8 years with no salvage value. The plant manager estimates that the operation would require an additional working capital investment of $30,000 at year that is recoverable at the end of the 10 years. If the company pays tax at a rate of 35% and the cost of capital is 15%, would you support the plant manager's proposal? Assume the machinery can last for at least 10 years and all operating cash flows occur at the end of the year. 5. Epiphany Industries is considering a new capital budgeting project that will last for three years. Epiphany plans on using a cost of capital of 12% to evaluate this project. Based on extensive research, it has prepared the following incremental cash flow projections: Year 0 2 Sales (Revenues) 100,000 100.000 100.000 - Cost of Goods Sold 50.000 50.000 50,000 - Depreciation 30,000 30.000 30,000 = EBIT 20.000 20,000 20,000 - Taxes (35%) 7000 7000 7000 = unlevered net income 13.000 13,000 13,000 + Depreciation 30,000 30,000 30,000 + changes to working capital -5000 -5000 10,000 - capital expenditures 90,000 (1) What is the NPV of this project? (2) Epiphany is worried about the reliability of the sales forecast. How sensitive is the project's NPV to a 10% change in sales? (Assuming sales affects COGS but doesn't affect NWC) (3) How sensitive is the project's NPV to a 10% change in COGS