1. A physician employed by a large corporation believes that due to an increase in sedentary life in the past decade, middle-age men have become fatter. In 1995, the corporation measured the percentage of fat in their employees. For the middle-age men, the scores were normally distributed, with a mean of 22%. To test her hypothesis, the physician measures the fat percentage in a random sample of 12 middle age men currently employed by the corporation. The fat percentages found were as follows:24, 40, 29, 32, 33, 25, 15, 22, 18, 25, 16, 27. On the basis of these data, can we conclude that middle-age men employed by the corporation have become fatter? Assume a directional alternative hypothesis is legitimate and use in making your decision.

2. Based on previous research and sound theoretical considerations, a cognitive psychologist believes that memory for pictures is superior to memory for words. To test this hypothesis, the psychologist performs an experiment in which students from an introductory psychology class are used as subjects. Eight randomly selected students view 30 slides with nouns printed on them, and another group of eight randomly selected students views 30 slides with pictures of the same nouns. Each slide contains either one noun or one picture and is viewed for 4 seconds. After viewing the slides, subjects are given a recall test, and the number of correctly remembered items is measured. The data follow: