(1) A researcher wants to know whether a hard copy of a textbook provides additional benefits over an e-book. She conducts a study where participants are randomly assigned to read a passage either on a piece of paper or on a computer screen. After a distractor task lasting 30 minutes, the participants are tested for their comprehension of the passage with a multiple-choice test containing 10 questions about their passage. Comprehension was scored using percent correct (0 100%). The researcher predicts that those randomly assigned to read the passage on a piece of paper will remember significantly more than those who read the passage online. Question: Which of the following best describes the scenario?

Group of answer choices

Between-subjects

Within-subjects

Mixed design

(2) A researcher wants to see whether ESP abilities in psychics differ based on environment. Thus, the researcher has psychics predict card suits in both a fortune-telling environment (e.g., low lighting, candles, a crystal ball), and in a standard lab environment. They complete 100 trials of the task in each environment, with the environment type counterbalanced between participants. All 30 psychics completed the card prediction task in both environments. Accuracy rates are compared. Question: Which of the following best describes the scenario?

Group of answer choices

Between-subjects

Within-subjects

Mixed design