1. A theory is:

Parsimonious when it provides a concise and simple explanation

Grand when it tries to explain wide ranging situations or behaviors

Formal when it is a set of personal suppositions of how things work

All of the above

A and B only

2. Which of the following is a correctly worded purpose statement?

Students who use drugs do so for social reasons and to have fun.

How does a college student spend his or her free time?

Given the limited research on this topic, interviewers explored if involvement in sport programs influenced the self-perceptions of youth.

All of the above

None of the above

3. A theory

Is an explanation of why and how things happen

Is a model for understanding a phenomenon

Builds a relationship among concepts

All of the above

A and B only

4. Examples of units of analysis include

Individuals

Groups

Artifacts

Time periods

All of the above

5. The outcome or phenomenon were are trying to understand in a study is the

Independent variable

Dependent variable

Unit of analysis

A and B only

6. A hypothesis is a

Conjecture about the relationship between two or more variables

Tentative statement about empirical reality

Statement that is used in quantitative and qualitative research

A and B only

None of the above

7. In a hypothesis, a positive relationship means the directionality of the two variables is

Opposite

The same

Not related

All of the above

None of the above

8. In the qualitative theoretical approach,

The research goal is to describe or interpret

Measurement relies on unstructured or semistructured inquiry

Is based on inductive reasoning

All of the above

None of the above

9. In a qualitative research study, the research question is usually written

As a normative question

As a grand tour question

With the independent variables first, followed by the dependent variables

All of the above

A and C only

10. In a mixed-methods theoretical approach,

The disadvantages of quantitative and qualitative approaches are magnified

Triangulation allows for quantitative and qualitative approaches to be used toether in the same study

Either a quantitative or a qualitative approach is chosen according to which best addresses the research question

All of the above

A and B only