$1.$ a$.$ What are the federal income$-$tax advantages to employers in a qualified retirement plan? b$.$ What are the federal income$-$tax advantages to employees in a qualified retirement plan? $2.$ A qualified retirement plan must not discriminate in favor of highly compensated employees. Explain the ratio percentage test to evaluate discrimination. $3.$ Explain the following retirement ages in a typical qualified retirement plan: a$.$ Early retirement age b$.$ Normal retirement age c$.$ Deferred retirement age $4.$ a$.$ Briefly explain the basic characteristics of a traditional defined$-$benefit retirement plan. b$.$ What is a cash$-$balance retirement plan? $5.$ Briefly explain the basic characteristics of a definedcontribution retirement plan. $6.$ a$.$ Describe the basic characteristics of a Section $401($k$)$ plan. b$.$ What is a Roth $401($k$)$ plan? c$.$ Describe the basic characteristics of a Section $403($b$)$ plan. $7.$ Explain the major characteristics of a profit$-$sharing plan. $8.$ Briefly explain the major characteristics of a simplified employee pension $($SEP$).9.$ Briefly explain the basic characteristics of a SIMPLE retirement plan. $10.$ Identify the major problems that are currently present in tax$-$deferred retirement plans.