1. a)

You typed the following commands in order.

$touch file

$chmod 640 file

$ls -al file

What will be displayed on the monitor for the permission of the file?

b)

In the above question, what is the octal value of the file permission.

c)

What is the ID of the group of the /etc/shadow file?

d)

What is the ID of the owner of the /etc/passwd file?