Question
1 All of the following are measures of process of health care in a clinic except: Proportion of patients in whom blood pressure is measured
- All of the following are measures of process of health care in a clinic except:
Proportion of patients in whom blood pressure is measured Proportion of patients who have complications of a disease Proportion of patients advised to stop smoking Proportion of patients whose height and weight are measured Proportion of patients whose bill is reduced because of financial need
1 points
QUESTION 2
-
In-Hospital Case-Fatality Rates (CFRs) for 100 Men Not Treated in a Coronary Care Unit (CCU) and for 100 Men Treated in a CCU, According to Three Clinical Grades of Severity of Myocardial Infarction
Non-CCU (Number of Patients)
CCU (Number of Patients)
Clinical Grade
Total
Died
CFR (%)
Total
Died
CFR (%)
Mild
60
12
20
10
3
30
Severe
36
18
50
60
18
30
Shock
4
4
100
30
13
43
The results shown were based on a comparison of the last 100 patients treated before the CCU was installed and the first 100 patients treated within the CCU. All 200 patients were admitted during the same month.
You may assume that the CCU was very beneficial for men with severe MI and for those in shock, because the in-hospital CFRs for these categories were much lower in the CCU. This conclusion:
Is correct May be incorrect because CFRs were used rather than mortality rates May be incorrect because of a referral bias of patients to this hospital from hospitals in distant towns May be incorrect because of differences in the assignment of the clinical severity grade before and after the opening of the CCU May be incorrect because of failure to recognize a possible decrease in the annual incidence rate of MI in recent years
1 points
QUESTION 3
- The extent to which a specific health care treatment, service, procedure, program, or other intervention does what it is intended to do when used in a community-dwelling population is termed its:
Efficacy Effectiveness Effect modification Efficiency None of the above
1 points
QUESTION 4
- The extent to which a specific health care treatment, service, procedure, program, or other intervention produces a beneficial result under ideal controlled conditions is its:
Efficacy Effectiveness Effect modification Efficiency Efficiency
1 points
QUESTION 5
- A major problem in using a historical control design for evaluating a health service using case-fatality rate (CFR) as an outcome is that if the CFR is lower after provision of the health service was started, then:
The lower CFR could be caused by changing prevalence of the disease The lower CFR may be a result of decreasing incidence The lower CFR may be an indirect effect of the new health service The CFR may have been affected by changes in factors that are not related to the new health service None of the above
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