1. An advantage of financial cost of quality measures is that they are often easy to quantify and understand. provide immediate short-run feedback on whether quality improvement efforts have, in fact, succeeded in improving quality. direct attention to physical processes and therefore focus attentions on the precise problem areas needing improvement. provide a single, summary measure of quality performance. 2. ________ is a formal means of distinguishing between random and nonrandom variation in an operating process. Statistical process control (SPC) A Pareto diagram A cause-and-effect diagram A fishbone diagram 3. Which of the following is NOT one of the three main measurements in the theory of constraints? Investments or inventory Other operating costs Manufacturing lead time Throughput contribution