1. Based on Burgess and Atkins, the amount, frequency and probability of reinforcement (both positive (reward/incentive) and negative (punishment)) impacts the likelihood that an adolescent is going to repeat (persist) or desist from crime. Do you agree with Burgess and Atkins' hypothesis? Why or why not?

2. According to Sykes & Matza, in appeal to higher loyalties, the demands of the larger society are set aside in favor of the demands of a smaller social group (such as gang members, etc.). In your opinion, why are many adolescents willing to show disregard their families in favor of their social peer group (gang, etc.)?