1) Below is an NYT (10-15-13) article titled "Elephants Get the Point of Pointing." a) Smet conducted her experiment with 11 elephants over a two-month period. Assuming that the experiment was conducted on each of 60 days. In total how many trials of her experiment were conducted-that is, what is N? b) If elephants have no ability to interpret pointing, what is their expected success rate at picking the bucket with food? If elephants had the ability to interpret pointing, would their success rate be larger or smaller than this value? c) Your answers to part b form the basis for specifying the Null and Alternative hypotheses for a test of whether elephants get the point of pointing. Conduct the test for a=.01 test d) What is the p-value of your test? Elephants Get the Point of Pointin, Atanaly at elephants at the POINT To things without giving much. Andorel National Park in ready keenly aware of each other, To fact, For two months, Ms. Sriet Bested 11 alt- Thats When she crunched the data af- Tix to what a sophisticated us a real- Diaga Now research, with gut that pre caliting capacity may have made chose will ipocies easy as doingsticafe. terwant, she found that the siechants By simply pending a finger, we can hope we want in draw In de nkk-20101, De Byrne began to picked the right backet Et5 percent of the wonder if singhunts could you da putt- Tank. (One year-ald human tichies do a lit ag test Doo, The ex to idea white be inda the beller at these less, scoring 123 per I hoptasticated ma pointing may be, graduate student were conducting as an Elephants may have a pertment on wild sophants in Kenya They M Smat fourid that the elephants could over, babies untilly learn to do it by F Best bindday. "If you don't get that `denp social intelligence found that clephicta could dustingat Balow her painting whether the stuck out Tre drawingg your attention to an o- that rivals hamans' wells of people from bidden pools whole arm ce just used her bread. And they'll gut crop" said Richard w. in some ways. doidag. Somtimes, Dr. Bythe noticed, ziabe simply stood between the buck- In a biologist at the University of St the choplants would curl up their truidus, its, by contrast, the clochants stuck their ofmag late at the squice of the sibell world in the buckets strandon hen scientists test other specin, they "Maybe they were pointing." Do, Eyree Ma. Roust and DE Byron publibed that painting is a fare git is the aid- said. "But we don't know that They crack meets Thursday in the jcoral Current Be linglom, Dren our cloinit relatives, be just writing the brocor dary dumpatires, don't seem to put the The logical way to start exploring this The scientists wore able to rule out the i of printing possibility would be to give elephants the possibility that the elephants learned to an at De ilyme and his graduale Rocket pointing test. But there giant mammal seelate pointing with food over the course a bind nes say they have discovered hee a bit three challenging to work with of the caperiments. "They were just as animals that also appear to ander- the a poodle In fact, a wain't wail bit good on Trial L' wit De Byrne. d pointing. elephants The study, in year that one of Do. Byrne's students M Ofnor remarchers wire hiround ban ing just 18 clogharra, is hardly the last Sreed, was the to pin the test. ation about drawing cootdution from on the subject. But it raises a pravoc. Me Smet traveled to Zinhalive, wherea pontibility that elephants have a dorp company cabal will Hocteook offers ele Intelligence that rivels fromare' in phant-back sataris, Each morning. while dored # the depharts had already learned the elephants were waring to lake Burials about pointing boy observing their handlers searchers ofe a simple but powerful on a trip, Mr. Saxs would act up twe buck pointing to each other. to see if ardinais understand pointing ets betand a screen. "In these elephant camps such apporty. y pit lood in one of two identical con- An elephant handler would bring one of plies can easily go unnoticed by their lar ers and then wendy point of the are the andrink a few yards away from her I hood in it Than they welt to see which The dephant waiched Ma Sanct bowen D Byrae and his. Smel plan to actareas pieces of fruit behind the sorcen and pat hit question and investigate whether wad als primates and most other suimals sharma lato one of the beckets. But the el plants cant point to each other fetve been stacked fad thre test a be planet courtn't site which bucket she pill "It alice un want to revisit vissal alt. me well Ment of them are derren the farm sale by elephants but elephants," said Me and matamais, with dogs proving to be " actually checked that from de Sinst socially good at tunderstanding ponting. Do. Byrae in abe prices to know sheth the roadti have prompted some te Ms. Stiel Ben Brough the beckett our er any other highly social wid mammals xhers It speculate that daring dorats from behind the perren and sings between can also plum the policing beat Whaling and Then, inimrela seoive to becomea keenly them. She pointed at the one with the fruit dolphins would be at the top of his list, to te ef lunged Others have made a dl- inside, and the handler walled the ch be lin't holding Hy breath for Ihow asper n argument: they propose that the phant toward the bocuts. MS. Soit wont meats to be palshed. "They radio ed westce's of species like dogs were at which bucket it afuck its trunk in first phearts lick easy to work with" he said