1. Between the 7th and 10th centuries, caliphates stretched from Spain to India, bringing the Islamic religion and culture as well as sharia law throughout the Mediterranean world, north Africa, and the Near and Middle East. Why do you think these caliphates were so successful in their expansion? Choose either the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, or Fatamid and explain why this caliphate was able to expand so rapidly and effectively manage its territory. Support your argument with at least two pieces of evidence from the readings or lectures