$1.$ Briefly discuss OSI model and the responsibilities of each layer.

$2.$ Briefly discuss TCP$/$IP Protocol Suite and the responsibilities of each layer.

$3.$ What is the unit of communication at each layer in TCP$/$IP Protocol Suite?

$4.$ What is the address used at each layer $($Data link to Application$)$ in TCP$/$IP Protocol Suite?

$5.$ What is the device used at each layer for data communication in TCP$/$IP Protocol Suite?

$6.$ Briefly discuss the differences between Circuit Switching and Packet Switching.

$7.$ Briefly discuss the differences between Connectionless service and Connection$-$Oriented service.

$8.$ Find the number of IP addresses, the first IP address, last IP address, and network mask in a block for class addressing.

$9.$ Find the information from the header of IP datagram: header length, service type, total length, data size, identification, flags, fragmentation offset, time to live protocol.

$10.$ What is the purpose of Maximum Transfer Unit?

$11.$ Briefly discuss fragmentation

$12.$ What is fragmentation offset.

$13.$ An IP datagram has arrived with the following information in the header $($in hexadecimal$)$:

$4500005400030000200600007$C $4$E $0302$ B$40$E $0$F $02$

a$.$ Are there any options?

b$.$ Is the packet fragmented?

c$.$ What is the size of the data?

d$.$ Is a checksum used?

e$.$ How many more routers can the packet travel to$?$

f$.$ What is the identification number of the packet?

g$.$ What is the type of service?

$14.$ Find the checksum of binary numbers.

$15.$ Briefly discuss ARP.

$16.$ What is Encapsulation?

$17.$ A host with IP address $130\mathrm{.}23\mathrm{.}43\mathrm{.}20$ and physical address B$2$:$34$:$55$:$10$:$22$:$10$ has a packet to send to another host with IP address $130\mathrm{.}23\mathrm{.}43\mathrm{.}25$ and physical address A$4$:$6$E:F$4$:$59$:$83$:AB$.$ The two hosts are on the same Ethernet network. Show the ARP request and reply packets encapsulated in Ethernet frames.

$18.$ What is the rationale for the existence of ICMP?

$19.$ Briefly discuss ICMP.

$20.$ Name and discuss two categories of ICMP.

$21.$ Name and discuss two debugging tools using the ICMP.

$22.$ Briefly discuss Mobile IP$.$

$23.$ Explain three phases of communication between a mobile host and a remote host: agent discovery, registration, and data transfer.

$24.$ Briefly discuss of the inefficiency of mobile IP in two cases and a possible solution.

$25.$ Name and discuss three unicast routing protocols.

$26.$ Briefly discuss the idea of distance vector routing.

$27.$ Use the Bellman$-$Ford algorithm to find the shortest distance for all nodes in the graph.

$28.$ Find the records of routing table for an AS using distance vector routing algorithm $($similar to example $11\mathrm{.}1$ and $11\mathrm{.}2).$

$29.$ Discuss timer used in RIP.

$30.$ Briefly discuss the idea of Link State routing.

$31.$ Find the shortest path by using Dijkstra algorithm.

$32.$ Compare and contrast unicasting, multicasting, and broadcasting communication.

$33.$ Change the multicast IP address to an Ethernet multicast physical address.