1. Calculate the Altman Z-score for Ford and Toyota. What inferences do you draw from

these values? What inferences do you draw from comparing the values across the two

companies? (You may assume that the market value of equity for Ford and Toyota,

respectively as of their 2012 fiscal year ends, is $38 billion and $110 billion.)

2. What do you predict would happen if Fords auditors issued a going-concern audit

opinion? How would suppliers react? How would debt holders react?

3. Why might an audit firm be hesitant to issue a going-concern opinion?

4. What would happen to an audit firm if it did NOT issue a going-concern opinion and

the company goes bankrupt in the following year