1.	Calculate the profit margin ratio for 2019 and 2018.
2.	Calculate the rate of return on total assets for 2019 and 2018.
3.	Calculate the asset turnover ratio for 2019 and 2018.
4.	Calculate the rate of return on common stockholders' equity for 2019 and 2018.
5.	Calculate the earnings per share for 2019 and 2018.
6.	Calculate the 2019 dividend payout on common stock. Assume dividends per share for common stock are equal to $0.78 per share.
7.	Did the company's operating performance improve or deteriorate during 2019?

Villian, Inc.
Comparative Income Statement
Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
Dollars in thousands	2019	2018	2017
Net Sales Revenue	$185,000	$159,000
Cost of Goods Sold	94,500	85,000
Selling and Administrative Expenses	46,500	43,000
Interest Expense	9,500	11,000
Income Tax Expense	11,500	8,500
Net Income	$23,000	$11,500
Additional data:
Total Assets	$205,000	$195,000	$175,000
Common Stockholders' Equity	91,000	90,500	78,500
Preferred Dividends	3,000	3,000	0
Common Shares Outstanding During the Year	25,000	25,000	15,000