1. Choose a small organization in your city, such as a restaurant or school, and draw a chart showing its structure. Do you think the number of levels in its hierarchy and the span of control at each level is appropriate? Why or why not? 2.In what ways can the informal organization, norms, and values of an organizational culture affect the shape of an organization? 3.What factors determine the appropriate authority and control structure in (a) a research and development laboratory, (b) a large department store, or (c) a small manufacturing company? 4.When does bureaucracy become a problem in an organization? What can managers do to prevent bureaucratic problems from arising?

1.Describe how will you be able to ensure adequate supervision with fewer managers?