1. Classify the scale of the following variables (i.e., nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio). Also, indicate if the interval or ratio variables are discrete or continuous.

• Number of past road accidents
• History of past road accidents
• Heartbeats per minute
• Time is taken to complete a race
• Race
• ABO blood type
• Injury severity score that takes values from 1 to 5, with 1 being "very minor", 2 "minor", 3 "moderate", 4 "serious", 5 "very serious".

2. In a rural city in country "A", the incidence rate of a disease is seven times greater in women than in men, but the prevalence rates show no sex differences. What can be inferred from the incidence rate and the prevalence rates in this scenario? Explain in 3 to 4 sentences.

3. For sequences X, Y, and Z calculate the following: 2 [ X_i Y_i Z_i²]

X {1, -2, 4, -2, 0, 1}

Y {0.25, -0.5, 8, 2, 2, 5}

Z {2, 3, 6, 3, 1, 1}

4. A study was conducted on a sample randomly selected from city A. The results are presented in the table. Based on the information in the table answer the below questions:

Age groups	Number of participants	Proportion of female	Relative frequency of participants
15 years or younger	10	0.4
16-25 years	25	0.6
26-30 years	10	1.0
31 yearsor older	2	1.0

• Are the age groups mutually exclusive?
• Based on the number of participants, can you argue for or against this sample is representative of the age groups in city A?
• How many males and females were included in the study?
• Calculate the relative frequencies in the first right column.
• The information displayed in the above table relates to which statistical paradigm: descriptive or inferential? Explain your answer.