1. Conducting a two-factor AN OVA What you'll learn about SPSS You'll learn how to enter data for a twofactor analysis of variance and then conduct the test. The context and the data Dr. Nicolas Guegen uses observational methods to study how certain kinds of environmental stimuli influence human behavior. In one study, he manipulated the volume of music played in bars to see how it would impact patrons' drinking behaviors. Trained observers recorded the minutes to finish a drink, the number of drinks ordered, and the number of swallows to finish a drink by several patrons in two establishments. The sound level was manipulated in both establishments, and all observations occurred over three Saturday nights. Dr. Guegen used two sound levels in his study as determined by the noise level of the music playing: a normal sound level of 72 decibels (dB), which is similar to traffic noise on a busy street, and a louder high-volume level of 88 dB, which is similar to noise from a lawn mower. He reported significant differences in the minutes to finish a drink and the number of drinks ordered, but not the number of swallows to nish a drink. [Source: Gueguen, N., Jacob, C., Le Guellec, H., Morineau, T., & Lourel, M. (2008). Sound level of environmental music and drinking behavior: a field experiment with beer drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 32, 1795 1798J Suppose you also are interested in how the noise level affects the patrons' drinking habits, but you also wonder how these effects might interact with the lighting level. You conduct a similar study except that you focus on whether there are differences in the average number of drinks ordered per person during the observation period for the two different noise conditions and two different lighting conditions (dark and normal). You randomly sample 24 bars in a large metropolitan area, and randomly assign each to one of the four sound and lighting conditions. Each of the 24 bars was observed for the same length of time on the same Saturday night. The following table contains your hypothetical data: Normal Sound Loud Sound Normal Light 1.6 3.6 2.2 3.5 1.8 4.1 3.7 2.3 3.0 3.1 3.6 3.3 Dark Light 4.6 4.1 4.0 3.8 2.6 3.0 3.6 4.3 3.4 4.6 2.4 3.6 The questions you will answer using SPSS Assume your study design and data satisfy the requirements for the two-factor analysis of variance. Use SPSS to conduct the two-factor ANOVA to test the nondirectional null hypotheses: Ha : \"normal sound = \"loud sound Ha: \"normal light = \"dark light Ha: There is no interaction between the sound and light conditions. Enter the data provided into SPSS. Using a significance level of a = 0.05, complete the following to describe the results of the twofactor analysis of variance. Ha : \"normal sound = \"loud sound Ha: unormai light = IJdark light Ha: There is no interaction between the sound and light conditions. Enter the data provided into SPSS. Using a significance level of a = 0.05, complete the following to describe the results of the twofactor analysis of variance. There is not Y a significant main effect for sound (p = Y ). There a a significant main effect for light (p = V ). is not There a significant effect for the interaction between the sound and light conditions (p = Y ). Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of the results? The data supports the conclusion that customers order more drinks when the bar is dark. The data supports the conclusion that customers order fewer drinks when the bar is dark. The data supports the conclusion that customers order fewer drinks when the bar is loud. The data supports the conclusion that customers order fewer drinks when it is both dark and loud in the bar. Enter the data provided into SPSS. Using a significance level of a = 0. 0 391 a the following to describe the results of the two-factor analysis of variance. - There is not V a significant main effect for sound (p = V ) There V a significant main effect for There V a significant effect for the il 3 Which of the following is the most accurate in of the results? s order more drinks when the bar is dark. ers or- er fe' The data supports the conclusion that customers order fewer drinks when the bar is dark. The data supports the conclusion th The data supports the conclusion that customers order fewer drinks when the bar is loud. The data supports the conclusion that customers order fewer drinks when it is both dark and loud in the bar