(1) Congress has been monitoring the vigilante activities of Spiderman and Batman. In order to discourage continued law enforcement by private citizens, Congress decided to pass a law where it is unlawful for private citizens to wear costumes in public during the hours of 6:00 pm to 8:00 am. The law is called the No Spandex in Public Law. Anyone caught violating this law was subject to a penalty of not less than $10,000 per each violation. The law was signed by the then sitting President of the U.S. After the passage and enactment, Spiderman was caught for wearing his costume in public in violation of the No Spandex in Public Law. Spiderman was not required to pay the $10,000 penalty. What is the likely reason he was not subject to the penalty?

(a) The Supreme Court deemed the amount excessive, so it reduced the amount to $5,000.

(b) The Supreme Court deemed the law unconstitutional as a violation of the First Amendment rights and struck the law so that it no longer has any force and effect.

(c) The Supreme Court had original jurisdiction to determine the law as unconstitutional as a violation of pursuit of happiness clause.

(d) Spiderman likely swung away with his spiderweb, and therefore, could not be served with the complaint to pay the penalty.