1. Consider the figure below, with three links, each with the specified transmission rate and link length. Find the end-to-end delay (including the transmission delays and propagation delays on each of the three links, but ignoring queueing delays and processing delays) from when the left host begins transmitting the first bit of a packet to the time when the last bit of that packet is received at the server at the right. The speed of light propagation delay on each link is 3x10**8 m/sec. Note that the transmission rates are in Mbps and the link distances are in Km. Assume a packet length of 1500 bytes. Give your answer in milliseconds. (Please show your work)

2. A packet switch receives a packet and determines the outbound link to which the packet should be forwarded. When the packet arrives, one other packet is halfway done being transmitted on this outbound link and three other packets are waiting to be transmitted. Packets are transmitted in order of arrival. Suppose all packets are 1,500 bytes and the link rate is 2 Mbps. What is the queuing delay for the packet? (Please show your work)

3. Perform traceroutes from same host in the United States to two different cities in France . How many links are the same in the two traceroutes? Is the transatlantic link the same? (You may use http://www.cogentco.com/enetwork/looking-glass to select one router in U.S, and perform IPv4 traceroute to unice.fr and eurocom.fr . please upload your traceroute results) 4. What is Internet Exchange Point(IXP)? Why will two ISPs at the same level of the hierarchy often peer with each other? Please read the cisco document https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/global/sr_rs/assets/expo2009/docs/ISP_Edge_design.pdf before you answer the questions.

Transmission rate: 100 Mbps Link Length: 1000km