1. Define the following terms: data, database, DBMS, database system, data- base catalog, program-data independence, user view, DBA, end user, canned transaction, deductive database system, persistent object, meta-data, and transaction-processing application. 2. What four main types of actions involve databases? Briefly discuss each.

Sol200:

• Data: Facts, figures, or other information that can be used or analyzed.
• Database: A collection of data that is organized in a specific way and can be accessed, managed, and updated by a computer.
• DBMS: Database Management System, software that manages the storage, organization, retrieval, and security of data in a database.
• Database system: The combination of hardware, software, and data that enables the storage, retrieval, and management of data in a database.
• Database catalog: A directory of all the data elements in a database system, including metadata.
• Program-data independence: The ability to make changes to a program without affecting the data it uses or to make changes to the data without affecting the program.
• User view: The perspective of a user or group of users on the data in a database.
• DBA: Database Administrator, the person or team responsible for managing and maintaining a database.
• End user: A person who accesses and uses a database system.
• Canned transaction: A pre-programmed, standardized transaction that can be executed repeatedly.
• Deductive database system: A database system that supports logical inference and deduction.
• Persistent object: An object that can be saved to a database and retrieved at a later time.
• Metadata: Data that provides information about other data, such as data definitions, relationships, and constraints.
• Transaction-processing application: An application that is designed to manage and process large volumes of transactions, such as a point-of-sale system or an online banking application.

1. The four main types of actions involving databases are:

• Data definition: The process of defining the structure and organization of data in a database, including tables, fields, relationships, and constraints.
• Data manipulation: The process of accessing, retrieving, and modifying data in a database, including adding, deleting, and updating records.
• Data control: The process of controlling access to data in a database, including defining user permissions and enforcing security measures.
• Data administration: The process of managing and maintaining a database system, including backup and recovery, performance monitoring, and database tuning.

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