1. Direct Labor Variances

Bellingham Company produces a product that requires 3 standard direct labor hours per unit at a standard hourly rate of $12.00 per hour. If 4,600 units used 14,400 hours at an hourly rate of $11.40 per hour, what is the direct labor (a) rate variance, (b) time variance, and (c) cost variance? Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using a minus sign and an unfavorable variance as a positive number.

a. Direct labor rate variance	$____	Favorable or Unfavorable
b. Direct labor time variance	$____	Favorable or Unfavorable
c. Direct labor cost variance	$____	Favorable or Unfavorable

2. Direct Labor Variances

The following data relate to labor cost for production of 7,000 cellular telephones:

Actual:	4,720 hrs. at $15.00
Standard:	4,650 hrs. at $15.20

a. Determine the direct labor rate variance, direct labor time variance, and total direct labor cost variance. Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using a minus sign and an unfavorable variance as a positive number.

Rate variance	$____	Favorable or Unfavorable
Time variance	$____	Favorable or Unfavorable
Total direct labor cost variance	$____	Favorable or Unfavorable

b. The employees may have been less-experienced or poorly trained, thereby resulting in a (higher or lower)labor rate than planned.

The lower level of experience or training may have resulted in (more or less) efficient performance. Thus, the actual time required was (more or less) than standard.