1. Discuss the similarities and differences between the 4 types of economic evaluations studies (i.e. cost effectiveness, cost utility, cost benefit, and cost minimization).

2. The dataset called "DataSetInstrumentsDemographics_Correct" contains data from the HIV/AIDS Targeted Quality of Life (HAT-QoL) instrument (Bakken et al., 2000) for the variable HATTOT, which is a measure of the quality of life of HIV positive patients with regards to living with AIDS. Based on this data, the mean HATTOT score for the sample was 97.8. The possible range of raw scores for the HATTOT variable is 29 to 145, with higher scores indicating better mastery of the illness and fewer symptoms. It was also found that the mean number of years patients have lived with AIDS in this sample is 17.7 years. a) Using this information, calculate the quality of life index for this sample. (10 points) b) Calculate the mean quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for the sample. (10 points)

3. Suppose a new intervention to improve the quality of life of HIV positive patients is developed, and it is studied in an experimental study involving the same patients in this sample. Some patients received this new intervention (experimental group), while some received no intervention (control group). Consider the mean number QALYs calculated in question 2b to be the baseline measure of quality of life before the intervention is implemented for both groups. Twenty years later the quality of life of these patients is measured again, and at the conclusion of the study, the investigators measured the final mean QALYs in both groups. Table 1 below shows the results of this experiment.

Table 2. 20-year average costs associated with each group in this study per participant. Experimental Group Control Group Drug costs for the new $5000 $0 treatment Cost of supply materials to $1000 $0 deliver new treatment Lost productivity at work $1000 $6000 Hospital personnel costs $2000 $6000 Clinic healthcare costs $1500 $2000 Intangible costs (estimated $1500 $4000 based on patient survey and qualitative research)Table 2. 20-year average costs associated with each group in this study per participant. Experimental Group Control Group Drug costs for the new $5000 $0 treatment Cost of supply materials to $1000 $0 deliver new treatment Lost productivity at work $1000 $6000 Hospital personnel costs $2000 $6000 Clinic healthcare costs $1500 $2000 Intangible costs (estimated $1500 $4000 based on patient survey and qualitative research)