1. Economists general recommend __________________ a negative externality like nitrous oxide to reduce the amount emitted into the atmosphere. 2. A 1GtC wedges proposed by Pacala and Socolow that involve reducing CO2 emissions from burning coal in some fashion is:______________________________________. 3. The 1983 report on climate change by the (U.S.) National Academy of Sciences results shift the focus from whether emissions from power plants, factors and cars were causing climate change to the question of ____________________ climate change was likely to occur.4. The first prominent environmental economists to look at the issue of climate change was: ________________________ 5. Smog is produced by mixing _______________ and volatile organic compounds (VOC) together in the presence of sunlight. 6. The social cost of carbon is a standard way that economists represent the expected damages done from climate change in ___________________. 7. Modern concern over the possibility of global climate change starts with _____________ discovering the oceans were not going to absorb most of the CO2 emitted, as many scientists at the time thought. 8. ________________________ is an air pollutant that causes acid rain. 9. The _______________ hypothesis predicts that firms where pollution control costs are a large part of production cost will move from California to other states and foreign countries who have much weaker environmental regulations. 10. Lead from gasoline is now known to have been a major contributor to large amount of ___________ in the U.S. during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. 11. The peak of adverse impacts from greenhouse gases is likely to occur during [time period]: ___________________ 12. The major tool used by the U.S. Federal government to help improve the fuel efficiency of cars and lights trucks is the _______________________________.13. The environmental Kuznets curve suggests that _____________________________ countries will have the highest pollution levels. 14. Large distributed renewable energy systems are generally _____________ expense per kilowatt hour produced than the same type of energy15. The ______________ Theorem says that there is no need to regulate externalities from pollution if property rights involving pollution were clearly assigned and transactions cost are small.2 16. The Montreal Protocol was intended to phase out the production of ________________ a global externality that destroys stratospheric ozone. 17. Solar panels on the roofs of houses is an example of Lovins'______________ energy path. 18. _______________________ in U.S. motor vehicles increased from the mid 1980's to the mid 2000's while the miles per gallon (mpg) of vehicles remained largely unchanged. 19. The transportation sector uses about ___________ percent of total energy consumed in the U.S